Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas in the Captaincy General of Venezuela into a wealthy creole family, but lost both parents before he turned ten and lived in several households. As was common for men of upper-class families in his day, Bolívar was sent to be educated abroad, and lived in Spain. While living in Madrid from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to Enlightenment philosophy and met María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa. The two married in 1802 and returned to Venezuela, where del Toro contracted yellow fever and died within a year of their nuptials. Bolívar traveled in 1803 to France as Napoleon established the First French Empire, then to Rome, where he famously swore to end Spanish rule in the Americas. Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1807 and began to discuss Venezuelan independence with other wealthy creoles. Following the collapse of Spanish authority in the Americas as a result of Napoleon’s invasion of the Iberian peninsula, Bolívar threw himself into revolutionary politics and became an active and zealous combatant in the Spanish American wars of independence.

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“NYC” and “New York, New York” redirect here. For other uses, see New York City (disambiguation); NYC (disambiguation); and New York, New York (disambiguation).

New York
City
View of Manhattan from Top of the RockCentral ParkUnisphereBrooklyn BridgeGrand Central TerminalStatue of LibertyUnited Nations headquartersTimes SquareBronx ZooStaten Island Ferry
FlagSealWordmark
Nicknames: The Big Apple, The City That Never Sleeps, Gotham, and others
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMapInteractive map outlining New York City
Coordinates: 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″WCoordinates: 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″W[1]
Country	United States
State	New York
Region	Mid-Atlantic
Constituent counties(boroughs)	Bronx (The Bronx) Kings (Brooklyn) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Richmond (Staten Island)
Historic colonies	New Netherland Province of New York
Settled	1624 (approx)
Consolidated	1898
Named for	James, Duke of York
Government
• Type	Strong mayor–council
• Body	New York City Council
• Mayor	Eric Adams (D)
Area[2]
• Total	472.43 sq mi (1,223.59 km2)
• Land	300.46 sq mi (778.18 km2)
• Water	171.97 sq mi (445.41 km2)
Elevation[3]	33 ft (10 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	8,804,190
• Estimate (July 2021)[4]	8,467,513
• Rank	1st in the United States 1st in New York State
• Density	29,302.66/sq mi (11,313.81/km2)
• Metro[5]	20,140,470 (1st)
Demonym	New Yorker
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
ZIP Codes	100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xx
Area code(s)	212/646/332, 718/347/929, 917
FIPS code	36-51000
GNIS feature ID	975772
International airports	John F. Kennedy (JFK) LaGuardia (LGA) Newark Liberty (EWR)
Rapid transit system	New York City Subway, Staten Island Railway, PATH
GDP (City, 2020)	$830 billion[6] (1st)
GMP (Metro, 2020)	$1.67 trillion[7] (1st)
Largest borough by area	Queens (109 square miles or 280 square kilometres)
Largest borough by population	Brooklyn (2020 Census 2,736,074)
Largest borough by GDP (2020)	Manhattan ($610.4 billion)[6]
Website	www.nyc.gov
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Statue of LibertyGuggenheim Museum
Type	Cultural
Criteria	Statue of Liberty: i, viGuggenheim Museum: ii
Designated	1984 (Statue of Liberty, 8th session)2019 (Guggenheim Museum, 43rd session)
Part of	The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright (Guggenheim Museum)
Reference no.	Statue of Liberty: 307Guggenheim Museum: 1496-008
Region	Europe and North America

New York, often called New York City (NYC) to distinguish it from the State of New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km²), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of New York State, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass.^[8] With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world’s most populous megacities. New York City is a global cultural, financial, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, entertainment, research, technology,^[9] education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. New York is the most photographed city in the world.^[10] Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy,^[11][12] an established safe haven for global investors,^[13] and is sometimes described as the capital of the world.

Situated on one of the world’s largest natural harbors, with water covering 36.4% of its surface area, New York City is composed of five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a respective county of the state of New York. The five boroughs—Brooklyn (Kings County), Queens (Queens County), Manhattan (New York County), the Bronx (Bronx County), and Staten Island (Richmond County)—were created when local governments were consolidated into a single municipal entity in 1898.^[14] The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,^[15] making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. New York is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States, the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world as of 2016.^[16][17] As of 2018, the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly $1.8 trillion, ranking it first in the United States. If the New York metropolitan area were a sovereign state, it would have the eighth-largest economy in the world. New York is home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world.^[18]

New York City traces its origins to a trading post founded on the southern tip of Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists in approximately 1624. The settlement was named New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) in 1626 and was chartered as a city in 1653. The city came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.^[19][20]The city was regained by the Dutch in July 1673 and was renamed New Orange for one year and three months; the city has been continuously named New York since November 1674. New York City was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790,^[21] and has been the largest U.S. city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the U.S. by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the U.S. and its ideals of liberty and peace.^[22] In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity, entrepreneurship,^[23] and environmental sustainability,^[24][25] and as a symbol of freedom and cultural diversity.^[26] The New York Times has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism and remains the U.S. media’s “newspaper of record”.^[27] In 2019, New York was voted the greatest city in the world per a survey of over 30,000 people from 48 cities worldwide, citing its cultural diversity.^[28]

Many districts and monuments in New York City are major landmarks, including three of the world’s ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013.^[29] A record 66.6 million tourists visited New York City in 2019. Times Square is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District,^[30] one of the world’s busiest pedestrian intersections,^[29][31] and a major center of the world’s entertainment industry.^[32] Many of the city’s landmarks, skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world, as is the city’s fast pace, spawning the term New York minute. The Empire State Building has become the global standard of reference to describe the height and length of other structures.^[33] The Stonewall Innin Greenwich Village, part of the Stonewall National Monument, is considered the historic epicenter of LGBTQ+ culture and the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement.^[34][35] Manhattan’s real estate market is among the most expensive in the world.^[36][37] Providing continuous 24/7 service and contributing to the nickname The City That Never Sleeps, the New York City Subway is the largest single-operator rapid transit system worldwide, with 472 passenger rail stations; and Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan is the busiest transportation hub in the Western Hemisphere.^[38] The city has over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, and the City University of New York system, which is the largest urban public university system in the United States. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the world’s leading financial center^[39]and the most powerful city in the world,^[40] and is home to the world’s two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq.^[41][42]

Contents

• 1Etymology
• 2History
  • 2.1Early history
  • 2.2Dutch rule
  • 2.3English rule
  • 2.4Province of New York and slavery
  • 2.5American Revolution
  • 2.6Nineteenth century
  • 2.7Modern history
• 3Geography
  • 3.1Boroughs
  • 3.2Architecture
  • 3.3Climate
  • 3.4Parks
  • 3.5Military installations
• 4Demographics
  • 4.1Population density
  • 4.2Race and ethnicity
  • 4.3Sexual orientation and gender identity
  • 4.4Religion
  • 4.5Wealth and income disparity
• 5Economy
  • 5.1Wall Street
  • 5.2Tech and biotech
  • 5.3Real estate
  • 5.4Tourism
  • 5.5Media and entertainment
• 6Education
  • 6.1Primary and secondary education
  • 6.2Higher education and research
• 7Human resources
  • 7.1Public health
  • 7.2Public safety
  • 7.3Public library system
• 8Culture and contemporary life
  • 8.1Pace
  • 8.2Arts
  • 8.3Cuisine
  • 8.4Parades
  • 8.5Accent and dialect
  • 8.6Sports
• 9Environment
  • 9.1Environmental impact reduction
  • 9.2Water purity and availability
  • 9.3Air quality
  • 9.4Environmental revitalization
• 10Government and politics
  • 10.1Government
  • 10.2Politics
• 11Transportation
  • 11.1Rapid transit
  • 11.2Air
  • 11.3Ferries
  • 11.4Taxis, vehicles for hire, and trams
  • 11.5Streets and highways
  • 11.6Cycling network
• 12People
• 13Global outreach
• 14See also
• 15Notes
• 16References
• 17Further reading
• 18External links